Sigma Mixers are also known as double-arm mixers, kneader mixers, and z-blade mixers.
Sigma blade mixers are the most commonly used mixers in the family of double arm mixers.
Double arm kneader mixers consist of two mixing blades placed in a ‘w’ shaped horizontal trough. The rotation of the blades is either tangential to each other or the blades can overlap within the trough. The blades rotate toward each other at the same speeds in case of overlapping blades or at differential speeds for tangential blades. The blades typically move near the container walls and each other at close clearances (~ 2 mm), resulting in homogeneous mixing. The small clearances generate very high shearing action, resulting in particle size reduction.
The blade profile of the sigma blade is such that the viscous mass of material is pulled, sheared, compressed, kneaded and folded by the action of the blades against the walls of the mixer trough. Tangential blade is used for materials of higher viscosities such as adhesives, rubber compounds, flush colors, dyes, and pigments. Overlapping blade action is used for materials of lighter viscosities such as carbon pastes, clay coating, creams, and ointments. The overlapping blade produces lower kneading and shearing compared to the tangential blade action. Mixing homogeneity upto 99 percent and better can be achieved using the double arm kneader mixers.
Different blade profiles have evolved, each of which is ideally suited to a specific application type. The sigma blade, masticator blade, spiral blade, and naben blade are the widely used blade types. For fibrous materials, shredder blade designs are used.
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